Closest-ever fast radio burst makes some ideas on their origin less likelyOver a decade after their discovery, fast radio bursts remain an enigma. Often lasting less than a millisecond, the bursts release an incredible amount of energy in the radio frequencies, then go silent. In many cases, there's no indication of anything else happening near that location again, suggesting a catastrophic event that destroyed whatever produced it. But over time, a handful of repeating burst sites have been identified, allowing the galaxy of at least one source to be identified and a few inferences about its properties to be inferred.
But the identification of repeating sources hasn't cleared up as much of the mystery as we might hope. In fact, it has raised questions about whether repeating and lone events might be from entirely different sources.
On Monday, researchers described the closest repeating fast radio burst yet identified, as well as the identity of its host galaxy. And in analyzing the burst's behaviors, the scientists involved suggest that it favors a few existing ideas but should cause us to rethink a few others.
Hitting repeat
It's hard to characterize something that appears without warning, lasts for a few milliseconds at most, and then vanishes, never to be seen again. Still, scientists have managed to identify a few galaxies that seem to be in the same location as a one-shot fast radio burst. These tend to be older, massive elliptical galaxies or those that are rapidly forming stars. In contrast, the one repeating fast radio burst that has been located comes from a dwarf galaxy that isn’t forming many stars and hasn’t gone through multiple rounds of star birth and death. That, in part, led scientists to question whether one-shots and repeaters were from the same source.
Conveniently, a telescope originally designed to do something else happened to be very good at picking up fast radio bursts.
The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, or CHIME, was built in southern British Columbia to map the distribution of hydrogen across much of the sky. But it does so at radio frequencies and by imaging a broad area of the sky at once, making it perfect for picking up fast radio bursts. In fact, it managed to identify one while the instrument was still being calibrated.
Earlier this year, a team that formed to search for fast radio bursts announced that it had found eight new repeating sources, providing a substantial catalog to characterize. This week, the researchers described one of that list, FRB180916.J0158+65, in more detail. After picking up a total of four bursts, they were able to identify the galaxy it originated in, as well as the region within the galaxy